ginsenoside Rb 1
It is a damaran, protopanaxadiol panaxoside:
R 1 = -Glc 2-1 Glc
R2 = -Glc 6-1 Glc
- It did not have a relaxing effect on the aortic ring preparation in rats. ( Kang1995gpg )
- It works against memory impairment with scopolamine. ( Benishin1991egr )
- Does not cause memory impairment with scopolamine. ( Yamaguchi1995egi )
- Increases the secretion of acetylcholine from hippocampal cuttings. ( Benishin1991egr )
- It increases choline import into synapses and increases the expression of enzymes and proteins of acetylcholine metabolism over a period of 3 days. ( Benishin1992agr )
- Gssd. Rb1 selectively enhances expression of choline acetyl transferase mRNA, TrkA neurotrophin receptor and nerve growth factor (NGF). ( Salim1997grr )
- Prevents increased levels of the stress indicator of putrescine in the CNS under immobilization stress. ( Lee2006aeg )
- Gssd. Rb 1 and, in particular, its metabolite, Compound K , have the ability to suppress the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 in macrophages (RAW264.7) activated lipopolysaccharides by limiting NO synthase 2 (NOS2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2), as well as blocking their transcription factor NF-κB. ( Park2005ieg )
- Gssd. Rb 1 and Rg 1 had a protective effect on spinal neurons in vitro. ( Liao2002neg )
- Gssd. Rb 1 and Rb 2 suppressed TNF-α production in both mouse and human macrophage stimulated lipopolysaccharides with an IC 50 ~ 50 or ~ 25 μM. ( Cho2001vie )
- At a concentration of about 100 μM, the proliferation of mitogens stimulated by T H (CD4 +) and B lymphocytes significantly increased. ( Cho2002gfp )
- The 2.5 mg / kg Rb 1 dose suppressed mouse mice aggression, while pxsd. Rg 1 tended to increase it. The effect of the gross ginseng extract was on the downside of aggression. ( Yoshimura1988ace )
- Reduces endothelial damage by oxidized LDL (low density lipoprotein) indicated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. At 10 μg / ml, normalized decreased expression of endothelial NO synthase (NOS3, eNOS) and tissue plasminogen activator (PLAT, t-PA) and increased expression and increased expression of the SERPINE1 gene (PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1). At 1 μg / ml this standardization does not occur. ( He2007peg )
- Gssd. Rb 1 by acting on the estrogen receptor β and subsequent induction of the PERF (pigmented epithelium-derived factor) gene suppressed angiogenesis on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell model. Leung2007gri
- Mixed with gssd. Rg 1 , at 48 mg / day infusion, significantly decreased the expression of PPARγ receptors in macrophages of diabetics. ( Ni2010sgp )
- Its effect against experimental arthritis by blocking TNF-α has been observed. ( Kim2007aeg )
- At 0.25 mg / kg (IP injection), but not at higher doses, gssd. Rb 1 significantly increased the performance of the taught distinguishing task in chickens. At doses up to 5 mg / kg gssd, Rb 1 proportionally reduced the stress of isolation in chickens. ( Churchill2002npg )
- Gssd. Rb1 decreased Ca2 + concentration in rat neurons and also increased the FeS04-cysteine-damaged synaptosomal membrane fluidity. ( Jiang1996mag )
- Gssd. Rb1 increased the activity of Na / K ATPase and Ca / Mg ATPase in neurons. ( Jiang1996mag )
- Gssd. Rb 1 reduced the Na / K activity of ATPase in neurons incompetently with an IC50 of 6.3 μM, while the inhibitory effect of gssd. Rg 1 is much smaller. ( Cao1990ieg )