20 ( S ) -protopanaxatiol, PPT, also an M4 metabolite
It is protopanaxatriol alone, the end product of the hydrolysis of protopanaxatriol panaxosides:
R1 = -H
R2 = -H
R3 = -H
R4 = -H
- It reduces the expression of NO synthase 2 (iNOS, NOS2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) inflammatory enzymes. ( Oh2004sog )
- Protopanaxatriol with compound K controls the maturation of immune dendritic cells towards T h 1 (= cytotoxic immune response ). ( Takei2004dcm , Takei2008dcp )
- Protopanaxatriol, ginsenoside Rg 2 and Compound K reversibly block neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α3β4), and their effect is selectively affected by interaction with BSA protein (bovine albumin). ( Lee2003deb )
- It increases the expression of PPAR-γ receptors . ( Han2006g2p )